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40 PCB Design Tips Every Designer Should Know

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2. Preventing Floating or Unused Inputs and Outputs Leaving digital or analog inputs unconnected ("floating") exposes them to noise pickup, unpredictable switching, and excess current draw - leading to erratic behavior, higher power consumption, and in worst cases, logic errors or system failure. Unused outputs, if left unconnected or improperly terminated, can cause EMI or interfere with nearby signals. Properly handling unused pins is essential for robust operation and low EMI, especially in dense, mixed-signal, or low-power designs. When And Where To Apply Address all floating or unused pins during schematic entry, before layout, and verify again before final schematic signoff. This is critical for all digital ICs (MCUs, FPGAs, CPLDs, logic gates), analog chips (op amps, comparators), and interface/buffer ICs. I/O pins properly terminated to GND or marked with NC (No Connect) symbol to explicitly mark component pins that will not be connected in the design

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